Abstract: In order to explore the control factors and identification methods of tar-rich coal in north China type coalfield, this paper takes Huainan coalfield as the research object, collates and analyzes a large number of drilling data and experimental data, studies the controlled factors of tar-rich coal in Huainan coalfield in detail, and expounds the relationship between the tar yield in coal and its macro-characteristics, maceral components, coal rank, coal quality characteristics and coal-forming environment. Furthermore, 13 indicators were subdivided, and Fisher multivariate statistical method based on principal component analysis was used to reduce dimension, reassemble and learn the indicator factors. 10 groups of prediction samples were identified after learning 47 groups of training samples. The results show that: among the controlled factors of tar-rich coal in Huainan coalfield, the average yield of bright coal, semi-bright-semi-dark coal and semi-dark coal tar is 12.15%, 10.49% and 7.65%, respectively, which meet the requirements of tar-rich coal. The drilling data showed that the tar yield was positively correlated with vitrinite, exinite content and volatile score, negatively correlated with inertinite content, moisture, ash and total sulfur content, but not significantly correlated with inorganic component content. The reflectance of vitrinite and tar yield increased first and then decreased, and the peak point reached when R_max=0.85%. Based on the comprehensive analysis of ash composition end-element and the vitrinite-inertness ratio, it can be known that the coal-forming environment of Huainan coalfield is generally in a weakly oxidation-reduction water-covered delta plain environment under a warm and humid-semi-humid climate. Fisher discriminant based on principal component analysis method substituted 10 groups of samples into the identification, and obtained 1 group of oil-bearing coal, 1 group of tar-rich coal and 8 groups of high-oil coal, which is consistent with the facts.