Abstract: Coal and coal-fired power are closely linked upstream and downstream industries with interdependent relations, closely connected supply and demand, and highly integrated interests.Analyses indicate that there exist gaming competition and conflicting dilemmas between coal and coal-fired power sectors in terms of interest demands, thermal coal supply and demand, market-oriented reform, medium and long-term contracts, etc.During the 15th Five-Year Plan period, as China accelerates the development of a new energy system, coal and coal-fired power need to actively adapt to the development of new energy sources and better play their role as a bottom-line guarantee for energy security.To resolve the conflicts between coal and power industries, joint efforts should be made in improving the pricing mechanism for medium and long-term thermal coal contracts, strengthening rigid constraints on contract performance, perfecting the coal-fired power price transmission mechanism, enhancing the flexibility of coal supply, and promoting in-depth and long-term cooperation between coal and power enterprises, so as to drive the coordinated and sound development of the coal-power industrial chain and safeguard national energy security.