Abstract: In response to the problem of internal crack development and potential safety hazards caused by multiple mining activities affecting small coal pillar roadways under gob-side entry driving, taking the 208 working face of Daning Coal Mine as the background, numerical simulation, laboratory experiments and field experiments were comprehensively used to study the stress state and permeability evolution law of small coal pillars at different stages of excavation and mining disturbance. The influence mechanism of three mining activities on the stress distribution, damage strain and permeability of small coal pillars was revealed, including the 207 working face recovery, 2802 roadway excavation and 208 working face recovery. The results showed that the permeability of small coal pillars showed a phased increasing trend. The first two mining operations increased the permeability by 4-10 times, and the coal pillar could still maintain its function of isolating the goaf. The third mining operation caused plastic damage, and the permeability increased dramatically (up to 324 times), resulting in the failure of the coal pillar’s barrier function; the permeability had a negative exponential relationship with axial stress, and during the unloading stage, the decrease in axial pressure led to crack opening, resulting in a significant increase in permeability; the comprehensive prevention and control technology of “anchor net cable support+top cutting and pressure relief+coal pillar spraying” was proposed to control small coal pillar roadways; during the mining period of the 208 working face, the two sides of the small coal pillar roadway moved closer by 385 mm, the roof and floor moved closer by 239 mm, and the surrounding rock was controllable. The gas concentration in the upper corner was below 0.48%, which verified the effectiveness of disaster isolation after the modification of the 6 m coal pillar.