Abstract: The fourth plenary session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China mapped out a new blueprint for China’s future economic development and made a strategic deployment to promote Chinese path to modernization. Effectively carrying out the 15th Five-Year Plan for the coal industry is of great significance for the high-quality development of the industry in the future. The achievements made in the development of the coal industry since the 14th Five Year Plan were systemically described, including the continuous improvement of coal prosperity, abundant achievements in scientific and technological innovation, continuous improvement in clean utilization level, significant achievements in energy conservation and carbon reduction, and significant enhancement of industry development strength. By carefully studying the current situation and tasks, and analyzing the existing problems from the perspectives of international, domestic, industry and supply-demand balance, the high-quality development paths of the coal industry was proposed for the 15th Five Year Plan from three aspects. Firstly, it is necessary to promote the safe, intelligent development of coal by increasing the exploration of green coal resources, optimizing the layout of coal resource development, and enhancing the support capacity for coal technology innovation; the second is to promote the clean and efficient utilization of coal from the aspects of clean production of coal, ultra-low emissions from coal-fired power generation, the transformation of coal from fuel to raw materials plus fuel, and multi-energy coupling and coordination; the third is to promote green and low-carbon disposal of coal waste from the aspects of functional utilization of by-products of coal and low-carbon disposal of carbon, so as to support the development of new quality productive forces in the coal industry and the realization of Chinese path to modernization.