Abstract: The proposal of the new round of nationally determined contributions (NDCs) further highlights China’s determination to accelerate the construction of a new energy system. Based on the country’s energy endowment and by coordinating energy safety and development, the importance and urgency of vigorously promoting clean and efficient utilization of coal are constantly increasing. Based on the analysis of greenhouse gases emission data, the main impacts of the new NDCs targets on coal production, processing and conversion, and terminal consumption were systematically reviewed. By analyzing the evolution of the policy and standard system for clean and efficient utilization of coal and the current status of key technologies and industries during the 14th Five-Year Plan period, the main problems and challenges faced by clean and efficient utilization of coal were summarized. To address these issues, policy recommendations were proposed from the dimensions of standards, comprehensive evaluation indicators and fiscal policies, including strengthening the support for diversification, promoting key technology research and application, and accelerating the integrated development of clean and efficient utilization of coal with new energy.