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    矿井耐腐蚀控湿除尘实验平台建设与实践应用

    Construction and practical application of corrosion-resistant and moisture-controlled dust removal experiment platform for mine

    • 摘要: 矿井粉尘严重危害采矿从业者的身体健康,是尘肺职业病的直接诱因。为达到掘进工作面控湿高效除尘目的,揭示粉尘扩散运移和沉积降消规律,给矿井除尘教学研究及工程实践提供平台支撑,研制了一套综掘工作面耐腐蚀控湿除尘实验平台,包含“巷道方舱、扬尘、通风、除尘、监测”5个子系统。实验平台借助耐腐蚀金属材料和表面喷涂材料实现矿井高湿环境防腐目的,采用泡沫除尘方式达到掘进工作面控湿效果;通过实验平台揭示了无除尘措施条件下综掘机附近粉尘运移速度先升高、后降低的扩散特征;设计了除尘剂浓度、扬尘气压、喷头压力和粉尘粒径4类因素对除尘效果的影响实验,综掘工作面粉尘浓度变化曲线分为扬尘和除尘2个阶段,除尘阶段粉尘降消速度随着除尘剂浓度升高、扬尘压力减小、粉尘颗粒增大而增强;喷头压力为0.5 MPa时,泡沫喷射扩散角度和比表面积最大,穿透能力最强,除尘效果最佳。耐腐蚀控湿除尘实验平台可为教学研究及矿山技术人员直观呈现综掘工作面粉尘产生、运移和降消过程,为矿井控湿除尘方式选择提供参考。

       

      Abstract: Mine dust threatens body health of the miners seriously, which serves direct influence of pneumoconiosis occupational disease. For realizing moisture-controlled dust removing goal and revealing the moving and deposition law of the dust at the tunnelling face in coal mine, a corrosion-resistant and moisture-controlled dust removal experiment platform was developed to provide platform support for teaching research and engineering practice of mine dust removal, which was composed of roadway shelter, dust raising, ventilation, dust removing and data monitoring sub-systems. The experimental platform used corrosion-resistant metal materials and surface spraying materials to achieve the purpose of anti-corrosion in the high humidity environment of the mine, and adopted foam dust removal to achieve the effect of moisture control in the tunneling face. The dust expansion characteristics around the comprehensive roadheader was studied by the platform, whose moving speed rose first and decreased subsequently under the influence of the ventilation system. An experiment was designed to investigate the effects of four factors on dust removal efficiency, including dust concentration, dust pressure, nozzle pressure and dust particle size. The variation curve of dust concentration in fully mechanized tunneling face was divided into two stages: dust stage and dust removal stage. In the dust removal stage, the rate of dust reduction increased with the increase of dust collector concentration, the decrease of dust pressure, and the increase of dust particles. When the nozzle pressure was 0.5 MPa, the foam spray diffusion angle and specific surface area were the largest, the penetration ability was the strongest, and the dust removal effect was the best. The experimental platform is capable to present dust generation, moving and reduction characteristics in fully mechanized tunneling face for the teaching research and mining technical personnel and provide moisture-controlled dust removing method reference for coal mine.

       

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