Abstract: With the continuous extension of coal mining into deeper strata in Henan Province, deep mines are increasingly characterized by the “three-high and one-low” conditions, namely high in-situ stress, high gas content, high geothermal temperature, and low permeability. Under such conditions, traditional homogenized management approaches have resulted in high governance costs, prolonged treatment cycles, and unsatisfactory effectiveness in controlling gas dynamic disasters. Therefore, a systematic framework for accurate identification and differentiated control of gas dynamic disasters in deep mines was established. First, through a systematic analysis of the gas geological control mechanisms and in-situ stress distribution patterns within the three major tectonic divisions, namely the Taihang, Songji, and Xiaoxiong zones, the genetic mechanisms underlying the regional differentiation of gas dynamic disasters were elucidated. Subsequently, based on a four-dimensional transparent characterization technology integrating gas occurrence, geological structures, stress regimes, and mining layout, multi-source data were synthesized to construct a four-level risk identification model encompassing the mine field, mine, mining district, and working face. In parallel, a three-color early warning standard (red, yellow, and green) was developed, thereby establishing the “four-four-three” differentiated control framework, which consists of four dimensions, four spatial scales, and three-level classification management. Furthermore, tailored technical routes for disaster prevention and control corresponding to different risk levels were proposed. A dynamic matching strategy among disaster intensity, equipment performance, and economic cost was also developed. Accordingly, an integrated technical and equipment system was formed, including protective layer mining, permeability enhancement through drilling, hydraulic flushing, and slotting, as well as high-power directional drilling technologies. Finally, field applications in representative mining areas, including Pingdingshan, Hebi, and Jiaozuo, demonstrate that the proposed system can significantly improve gas extraction performance, with extraction concentration increased by 1.3–1.8 times and extraction efficiency enhanced by more than 25%. In addition, the mining continuity efficiency is improved by 25%, while the treatment cycle for a single working face is reduced by 1.5–2.0 years, thereby effectively reducing redundant resource consumption in disaster control. The proposed study further outlines the implementation pathway and policy support recommendations for differentiated control strategies in Henan Province, promoting the transformation of gas disaster management from experience-based control to precision-oriented governance. This work provides a reproducible theoretical foundation, a systematic technological framework, and a practical paradigm for the safe and efficient exploitation of coal resources under complex geological conditions in deep mines.