Abstract: Based on the twice mining disturbances of the surrounding rock of the gob-side roadway caused by the double roadway excavation in the 11 panel area of Xiaobaodang Coal Mine, the surrounding rock deformation and failure mechanism of the gob-side roadway are fully studied by using the methods of field investigation, elastic mechanics, numerical simulation and industrial test. The results show that under the influence of the first mining of the upper section working face, the gob-side roadway is located in the influence range of the external stress field formed by the fracture of the thick and hard roof strata. The surrounding rock will experience four deformation stages: slow increase in the initial stage, rapid increase in the middle stage, rapid increase in the later stage and slow stability in the final stage. The deformation stages from the lagging measuring point 100 m to the leading measuring point 460 m are the main deformation and failure stages. The essential cause of stages of surrounding rock deformation in the gob-side roadway is the migration of the thick and hard roof, which can be divided into four intervals: the initial deflection migration area, the medium-term rapid subsidence migration area, the later intensified subsidence migration area and the final slow subsidence migration area; under the influence of the secondary mining of the working face in this section, the L-shaped stress concentration area formed in front of the coal wall will aggravate the deformation and failure degree of the surrounding rock in the advance section of the gob-side roadway. The superimposed stress advance influence range is about 120 m, and the corresponding peak position is 20.5 m ahead of the coal wall. Through the surface construction of L-shaped drilling, the pre-cracking range of XBD-03 L horizontal well section fully covers the thick and hard roof strata directly above the gob-side roadway. At the same time, the asymmetric optimization support scheme is adopted for the surrounding rock of the roadway. The working resistance of the middle and upper supports in the working face in the fracturing affected area is controlled within 30 MPa, and the average values of the pressure step distance, the pressure duration distance and the dynamic load coefficient are reduced to 12.4 m, 10.8 m and 1.42, respectively. The average deformation of the surrounding rock in the leading section of the gob-side roadway is maintained below 0.1 m, and the surrounding rock control effect of the roadway is good.