Abstract: In the new situation where the carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals and energy security are equally important, coal enterprises urgently need to reshape their competitive advantages by developing new quality productive forces. Taking Henan Energy Group as an example, this paper explores in depth the path for coal enterprises to develop new quality productive forces based on local conditions. By elaborating on the definition and significance of new quality productive forces, this paper analyzes the necessity and challenges faced by coal enterprises in developing new quality productive forces. Based on practical cases, specific paths have been proposed from the aspects of consolidating the foundation of safety production, strengthening the leadship of scientific and technological innovation, accelerating industrial transformation and upgrading, deepening management reform and upgrading, and coordinating the allocation of resource elements, and put forward some suggestions for the development of new quality productive forces.