Abstract: Rockburst has become one of the typical dynamic hazards associated with deep coal mining in China, and periodic roof weighting is an important stage during which mining-induced dynamic hazards are readily triggered in deep longwall faces. Conventional ground-pressure monitoring methods have limited capability to capture precursor information related to the initiation and propagation of internal roof fractures, resulting in delayed warning. Spectral acoustic monitoring technology developed in Russia was therefore introduced, and a 128-day field industrial test was conducted at the Ji15-15080 longwall face of No. 8 Mine, Pingdingshan Tianan Coal Mining Co., Ltd. The relationships among spectral acoustic signals, hydraulic support resistance, and gas concentration were investigated to evaluate the advance sensing capability of spectral acoustic monitoring for roof weighting. The results show that the acoustic indicators K and E were significantly positively correlated with hydraulic support resistance, with correlation coefficients of 0.78 and 0.73, respectively, whereas F was negatively correlated with hydraulic support resistance, with a correlation coefficient of −0.67. Changes in the acoustic indicators generally occurred 2-3 shifts in advance. The relationships between the acoustic indicators and gas concentration were further analyzed. K and E were positively correlated with gas concentration, with correlation coefficients of 0.71 and 0.69, respectively, whereas F was negatively correlated with gas concentration, with a correlation coefficient of −0.66. Peak gas concentration generally occurred 1-2 shifts later than the peak hydraulic support resistance. Warning thresholds for K, E, and F were determined using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and retrospective validation achieved an accuracy of 94.4%. Spectral acoustic monitoring can provide advance warning of periodic roof weighting in deep longwall faces and offers technical support for safe deep coal mining.