Abstract: To address the issues of insufficient protection, inefficient development and resource waste of strategic mineral resources in coal measures in China, and to explore a scientific and efficient comprehensive development and utilization path, the main issues of comprehensive development and utilization of strategic mineral resources in coal measures were discussed, including insufficient coordination of management policies, key technologies to be overcome, insufficient expansion and extension of industries, and prominent contradictions in development and protection. On this basis, four key paths for the comprehensive development and utilization of strategic mineral resources in coal measures were studied and proposed from the perspective of cultivating new quality productive forces, namely policy coordination, technological guidance, industrial cultivation, and green development, the mechanism of multi-path coordination was also explored and relatively systematic solutions were formed. The results show that policy coordination can solve the dilemma of multi-headed management, technology can lead to breakthroughs in exploration and mining bottlenecks, industry cultivation can enhance resource added value, and green development can build a solid ecological bottom line; the four paths form an organic body of “institutional guarantee, technical support, value transformation, ecological bottom line”. Through scientific and specific implementation strategies, it is possible to achieve multidimensional improvements in resource development efficiency, economic value, ecological protection, and strategic security. Research suggests that the comprehensive development and utilization of strategic mineral resources in coal measures require deep coupling and collaborative efforts in policies, technology, industry and ecology, breaking down institutional barriers, overcoming technological difficulties, extending industrial chains, and adhering to ecological bottom lines, promoting the transformation from single mineral development to coordinated utilization of all mineral types, so as to provide support for the national strategic mineral security supply and high-quality development of energy resources.