Abstract: Against the backdrop of carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals, new energy system and energy security, the high-quality development of open-pit coal mines is shifting from scale expansion toward green and low-carbon, safe and efficient, intelligent and collaborative, and sustainable development. To address the issues such as incomplete indicator system and unclear transformation pathways, this study takes the green and low-carbon transformation as the main thread, proposes the logic of “three major changes” in power, efficiency and quality, constructs a seven-dimensional indicator system covering innovation, intelligence, lean and efficient operation, opening and sharing, green and low-carbon development, safety and health, and sustainability, and develops a “1237” strategic framework. On this basis, through the integration of new energy, technological innovation, intelligent upgrading, intrinsic safety, lean management, open collaboration and other pathways, the transformation of open-pit coal mines will be promoted from isolated practices and local optimization toward life-cycle management, whole-process intelligent collaboration and replicable and scalable mode. Meanwhile, combining with horizontal comparison based on representative mining-area cases, the adaptability relationships among different resource endowments, ecological conditions and transition models are further clarified.