Abstract: In response to the requirements of high-level technological self-reliance and self-improvement, cultivation of new quality productive forces, energy security and green low-carbon transformation during the 15th Five-Year Plan period, the planning of scientific and technological innovation needs to further shift from “how to formulate” to “what tasks, projects, and achievements to form”. Taking China Energy Xinjiang Energy and Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. (hereinafter inferred to as China Energy Xinjiang Energy Company) as a case, this study integrates literature analysis, case research, PESTEL and SWOT analysis, a DEA-based input-output evaluation framework under the strategic ecology perspective and dynamic capability theory, and a five-step planning path is developed, including environmental scanning, strategic positioning and priority identification, input-output evaluation and project portfolio design, risk control, and implementation assurance with rolling evaluation. On this basis, a concrete ‘3+2+1’ plan is proposed, comprising three core business areas (coal, chemicals, and transport), two cross-business programs (digital-intelligent empowerment and new-energy coupling), and one supporting system (innovation platforms and technology transfer). The plan is operationalized through three lists of key technologies, major projects and demonstration scenarios, and a three-stage schedule of foundation consturction in 2026, concentrated R&D in 2027 to 2028, and demonstration and scaling in 2029 to 2030.